In the world of steel strip manufacturing, two mechanical properties are often discussed together — твердость и предел прочности. These characteristics define how steel behaves under force and determine its suitability for applications like источники, лезвия, saws, and precision tools. Understanding their relationship helps engineers and buyers choose the right steel for their needs.
1. What Is Hardness in Steel Strips?
Твердость refers to a material’s ability to resist deformation — such as indentation, scratching, or wear.
In steel strips, hardness is usually measured using the Роквелл (HR), Викерс (HV), or Brinell (полупансион) scales.
A harder steel strip generally means:
- Better wear resistance
- Higher surface durability
- Less deformation under stress
Однако, excessive hardness can reduce ductility, making the steel more brittle if not properly tempered.
2. What Is Tensile Strength?
Предел прочности measures the maximum stress a steel strip can withstand before it breaks when stretched. It reflects the internal bonding force between atoms and is usually expressed in МПа (megapascals).
Tensile strength indicates:
- The load a steel can bear in tension
- Its resistance to cracking or rupture
- Its overall toughness and flexibility
3. The Connection Between Hardness and Tensile Strength
В общем, hardness and tensile strength increase together.
This relationship exists because both properties are influenced by the steel’s microstructure — particularly the arrangement and size of carbides, мартенсит, or pearlite formed during термическая обработка.
Typical correlation:
- For carbon and alloy steels, higher hardness usually means higher tensile strength.
- For stainless steels, the relationship is similar but depends more on alloy composition (Кр, В, Мо, и т. д.).
Например:
- А quenched and tempered 65Mn steel strip may reach 48–52 HRC hardness и tensile strength up to 1800 МПа.
- А cold-rolled, annealed CK75 strip might have 30–35 HRC и tensile strength around 950–1100 MPa.
4. The Role of Heat Treatment
Термическая обработка directly determines both hardness and tensile strength.
Processes like отжиг, закалка, и закалка modify the steel’s internal structure:
| Process | Effect on Hardness | Effect on Tensile Strength | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Отжиг | Decreases | Moderate | Improves ductility, used for stamping or forming |
| закалка | Increases | Increases | Creates hard martensitic structure |
| Закалка | Slightly decreases | Improves toughness | Reduces brittleness after quenching |
В Цзясяо МТС, each steel strip is precisely heat-treated to achieve the optimal balance between hardness and strength for different industrial needs — from knife blades к automotive springs.
5. Why the Balance Matters
Too much hardness leads to brittleness, while too low tensile strength causes deformation.
Поэтому, choosing the right steel grade and heat treatment is essential for product performance and longevity.
Например:
- Hardened and tempered SK5 strips are ideal for cutting tools.
- Отожженный 301 stainless strips offer excellent forming ability for flexible components.
Заключение
Hardness and tensile strength are two sides of the same coin in steel performance.
By understanding how these properties interact — and controlling them through heat treatment — manufacturers can produce high-performance steel strips tailored for each application.
В Цзясяо МТС, we specialize in Высокий углерод, сплав, и полоски из нержавеющей стали, offering customized hardness and tensile strength levels to meet the precise requirements of our clients worldwide.
